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▮Daily Brief · Day 061 · Wed 2026-04-29

Day 61 brief — 2026-04-29

Direction
mixed
7-day risk
extreme
Spillover
conditional
Ceasefire · 30d
28%
§01Escalation gauge6 clocks · overall assessment
Negotiation capacity
↗ improving
improving
Active deadline
↘ worsening
approaching
Interceptor reconstitution
↘ worsening
advancing
Energy infrastructure
↘ worsening
critical
Humanitarian escalation
↘ worsening
elevated
Coalition cohesion
↘ worsening
strained
Overall read
How the six gauges compose into today’s posture.
287 words
Tuesday delivered three structurally significant moves layered onto Day 60's Rubio rejection. First, the United Arab Emirates announced it will exit OPEC and OPEC+ effective May 1, ending nearly six decades of membership; the UAE Energy Minister cited the closed Strait of Hormuz and persistent Iranian missile-drone barrages as principal drivers. Brent settled near $111.26 (~+3%) — first $111 print since March — and WTI closed near $99.93, the seventh consecutive session of gains and first time near $100 since April 10. Second, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman hosted an exceptional GCC summit in Jeddah — the first in-person Gulf leaders meeting since the war began — communiqué demanding the strait reopen via 'permanent, long-term arrangement,' directly aligned with Rubio's 'never normalize' framing. Third, the four-mediator channel survived Monday's rejection: Rubio softened to 'better than what we thought,' the State Department now frames the proposal as being 'examined,' Pakistan expects a revised Iranian formulation 'in the next few days,' and Pezeshkian publicly anchored Tehran's posture that US pressure 'undermines trust.' UN Secretary-General Guterres delivered the first principal-level Hormuz call of the war — 20,000+ seafarers and 2,000+ ships stranded; 'prolonged disruption risks triggering a global food emergency.' Trump posted on Truth Social that Iran 'informed us they are in a State of Collapse' and want Hormuz 'open as soon as possible' — Tehran did not confirm. IDF struck 20+ Hezbollah sites including the Bekaa Valley — first Bekaa strikes since the April 16 ceasefire; Netanyahu told senior command Hezbollah retains '10%' of pre-war missiles and 'we still have two missions left.' Analytical judgment: 30-day ceasefire probability moves 26 → 28 — channel-survival evidence and the GCC unified-stance pressure outweigh structural energy damage from UAE OPEC exit.
Negotiation capacity
Channels reactivating after an earlier collapse.
Active deadline
A named deadline is visibly approaching on the wire.
Interceptor reconstitution
Burn rate visible in public sourcing; modeling updated.
Energy infrastructure
Energy system in partial collapse; rationing conversations begin.
Humanitarian escalation
Civilian casualty curve steepening; displacement widening.
Coalition cohesion
Public cohesion strained; statements diverging on scope.
§02Key developments7 items · color + detail
01
mixedpivotal ◆Axios / The Hill / TIME / Mediaite / Newsmax / Epoch Times
Trump Truth Social: Iran 'informed us they are in a State of Collapse'; wants Hormuz open ASAP
President Trump posted on Truth Social Tuesday: 'Iran has just informed us that they are in a State of Collapse.' Trump added that Iran wants the US to 'Open the Hormuz Strait, as soon as possible, as they try to figure out their leadership situation.' He did not say who told him. Tehran has not confirmed any such message. The post arrives 24 hours after Rubio's formal rejection of the Iranian Hormuz-first proposal and inside the same Tuesday news cycle as Rubio's softer Fox follow-up ('better than what we thought they were going to submit').
Impact →Highest-fidelity 'we have all the cards' rhetoric of the war, unanchored to any verifiable communication. The bullying counter-pressure runs against Pezeshkian's 'US pressure undermines trust' framing. Analytical judgment: 'state of collapse' phrasing pre-justifies non-acceptance of any Iranian proposal that does not embed visible concession theatre, narrowing the substantive next-round formulation Pakistan expects within days. The four-mediator channel absorbs the post — none of the four can renegotiate on a Truth Social post Tehran did not confirm.
02
escalatingpivotal ◆NBC News / Washington Post / Al Jazeera / CNBC / Irish Times / Oilprice.com
United Arab Emirates announces it will exit OPEC and OPEC+ effective May 1 — first six-decade institutional exit in cartel history
The UAE announced Tuesday it will exit OPEC and the wider OPEC+ effective May 1, ending nearly six decades of membership. The UAE Energy Minister cited the closed Strait of Hormuz and the impact of fellow OPEC member Iran's missile-drone barrages on UAE oil exports as principal drivers, while saying the UAE remains 'committed to oil price stability.' UAE has long pushed for higher production quotas; the closure of Hormuz crystallised the structural break.
Impact →First six-decade institutional exit in OPEC history caused directly by intra-cartel war damage. UAE has the second-largest spare production capacity after Saudi Arabia; its exit removes a swing-capacity coordination mechanism the cartel cannot substitute. The 20% global energy flow figure now sits inside an institution that has lost its largest secondary spare-capacity coordinator while its largest member (Iran) attacks export infrastructure of its second-largest (UAE). Citi $150-by-end-June scenario gets structural confirmation. Analytical judgment: the GCC 'permanent, long-term arrangement' demand is the Arab-state response; Bessent waiver-termination shutter-clock now resolves inside this break.
03
escalatingpivotal ◆CNBC / Fortune / Al Jazeera Economy / TradingEconomics / Bloomberg / Polymarket
Brent settles ~$111.26 (~+3%); WTI closes ~$99.93 (~+3.86%) — seventh straight session of gains
International benchmark Brent futures advanced nearly 3% Tuesday to settle near $111.26 — the highest since March 2026. WTI closed near $99.93, the seventh consecutive session of gains and the first time near $100 since April 10. The price spike was driven by stalled efforts to end the US-Iran conflict and reopen the strait, with Iran's proposal facing rejection from Trump and the UAE announcing its OPEC exit on the same day.
Impact →Markets pricing the Rubio rejection structurally. Brent's $111 print is the first since March; WTI through $100 (seventh session of gains) is multi-day trend confirmation, not a one-day reaction. For Taiwan/CPC, Q3 procurement now operates well above $108 floor with Citi $150 risk path. Analytical judgment: cartel-fragmentation signal (UAE exit same day) and supply-removal signal (Brent $111) reinforce each other — the curve no longer prices single-stochastic Hormuz reopening but structural supply-architecture shift.
04
mixedpivotal ◆Al Jazeera / The National / Gulf News / Khaleej Times / Voice of Emirates / TRT
Saudi MBS hosts exceptional GCC summit in Jeddah — first in-person Gulf leaders meeting since war began
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman hosted an exceptional GCC summit in Jeddah Tuesday — the first in-person meeting of Gulf leaders since the war became a regional front on February 28. The summit framed a 'unified Gulf stance' towards the war and the need to intensify coordination toward a diplomatic path. The communiqué demanded the strait reopen via 'permanent, long-term arrangement.' Talks coincided with the UAE's OPEC exit announcement.
Impact →First six-government Arab-state Gulf platform of the war, publicly aligning with Rubio's 'never normalize' via the 'permanent, long-term arrangement' demand. MBS convening Gulf leaders in person is the Arab-state activation Tehran's proposal needed to be durable. Analytical judgment: the GCC summit converts the four-mediator channel from US-Iran-Pakistan-centric to a Pakistan + Arab-state platform with six-government underwriting, materially reducing channel-collapse cost. Combined with Pakistan's revised-proposal timeline, the Beijing window, and Pezeshkian's posture, the channel survives with new architecture rather than just absorbing the rejection.
05
mixedhighNPR / Al Jazeera / BusinessWorld / NBC News / Xinhua / Iran International
Rubio softens to 'better than what we thought'; State Department reframes proposal as 'examined' rather than rejected
Secretary of State Rubio told Fox News the Iranian proposal was 'better than what we thought they were going to submit' but that 'the fundamental issue' (nuclear) 'still has to be confronted… that still remains the core issue here.' The State Department now publicly characterises the proposal as being 'examined' rather than rejected. Pakistan mediators expect a revised Iranian formulation in the next few days. Pezeshkian publicly framed US posture as undermining trust: 'Washington cannot pursue negotiations while increasing pressure… such actions disrupt the necessary atmosphere for diplomacy.'
Impact →The 24-hour distance from Cabinet-level rejection to Tuesday's 'examined' reframing is the channel-survival evidence Day 60's evening flash flagged. Rubio's softer formulation is the public-record retraction without conceding nuclear; State's 'examined' keeps the proposal structure alive. Pezeshkian keeps Iran inside the channel; Putin readout signal is corresponding. Analytical judgment: next-round proposal within 72 hours likely embeds three concessions — coordinated US-Iran de-mining language decoupling Iranian permission/fees, a verifiable nuclear pause, and a Russia/China third-party guarantor architecture.
06
escalatinghighHaaretz / Al Arabiya / Pakistan Today / Algemeiner / CBC / Athens Times
IDF strikes 20+ Hezbollah sites including Bekaa Valley — first Bekaa strikes since April 16 ceasefire; Netanyahu 'two missions left'
The Israeli military said it carried out over 20 strikes on Hezbollah infrastructure in southern Lebanon and the Bekaa Valley Tuesday — the first Bekaa strikes since the April 16 US-brokered ceasefire. Netanyahu told the Israeli senior command conference: 'We are striking now — in the security zone, north of the security zone, and north of the Litani.' He said Hezbollah retains 'about 10%' of pre-war missiles and that 'we still have two missions left.' Hezbollah's Qassem in a written statement called the talks a 'humiliating and unnecessary concession.'
Impact →First cross-line Bekaa strikes since the April 16 ceasefire — depth expansion beyond prior buffer-zone framing, layered onto Day 60's Aoun-Qassem state rupture and Katz's 'burn the cedars' threat. Netanyahu's 'two missions left' previews operations beyond Day 59's seven-village evacuation depth. Analytical judgment: Hezbollah-IDF kinetic process and Aoun-track political process now operate on orthogonal clocks; absent US re-intervention on Hezbollah arms-disposition, kinetic ceiling remains Beirut-strike rather than buffer-zone-expansion.
07
mixedhighUN News / Middle East Monitor / Democracy Now / TRT / Yenisafak / Cuba Headlines
UN Secretary-General Guterres delivers first principal-level Hormuz call: food-emergency framing, 20,000 seafarers stranded
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres delivered the first principal-level public Hormuz call of the war Monday-Tuesday, urging immediate reopening of the strait and warning that 'prolonged disruption risks triggering a global food emergency — pushing millions, especially in Africa and South Asia, into hunger and poverty.' He said 20,000+ seafarers and 2,000+ ships are stranded. Guterres noted 20% of oil and gas and one-third of internationally traded fertilisers transit the strait: 'Safe, unimpeded passage is an economic and humanitarian imperative.'
Impact →First UN principal-level engagement on the Hormuz file. Food-emergency framing puts UN humanitarian authority behind the same outcome the four-mediator channel pursues, creating a humanitarian-channel pressure layer the prior diplomatic field did not include. The 20,000-seafarer framing imports UN civil-rights authority into the energy-MAD calculus. Analytical judgment: combined with the GCC summit, this is the second Arab-state/UN architectural addition to the diplomatic field in a single Tuesday — both publicly aligned with the four-mediator outcome.
§03Strategic implications3 threads
Implication 01

The four-mediator channel survives — and now has Arab-state architecture behind it after the GCC Jeddah summit

The 24-hour distance from Rubio's rejection to the State Department's 'examined' reframing demonstrates the channel's resilience: Pakistan, Egypt, Turkey, and Qatar are simultaneously committed reputation-bearers, and the GCC summit added a six-government layer of Arab-state demand for the same outcome — strait reopening via 'permanent, long-term arrangement,' a phrase that aligns with Rubio's 'never normalize' position. MBS convening Gulf leaders in person for the first time since the war began is the Arab-state underwriting Tehran's proposal needed; without it, any US-Iran framework would have been operationally fragile. Pakistan's 'revised proposal in next few days' timeline is consistent with Beijing's Tuesday-Wednesday window (Lin Jian's announcement of UN GA President Baerbock's April 29-30 visit to China at Wang Yi's invitation is the available diplomatic platform). Pezeshkian's 'US pressure undermines trust' framing keeps Tehran inside the channel; the Putin readout that Tehran is 'considering' fresh negotiations is the corresponding signal. Trump's 'state of collapse' post is bullying counter-pressure the four mediators absorb. Analytical judgment: the next-round proposal expected within 72 hours likely embeds three concessions Tehran withheld Sunday — coordinated US-Iran de-mining language decoupling Iranian permission/fees from strait reopening, a verifiable nuclear pause in lieu of full suspension, and a Russia/China third-party guarantor architecture. The +2 to 28 reflects channel survival with Arab-state underwriting; the GCC summit is what materially changes the post-rejection probability landscape.

Implication 02

The UAE OPEC exit is the first structural cartel-governance break of the war — energy markets now price permanent supply-architecture damage

The UAE exit from OPEC and OPEC+ effective May 1 is the first six-decade institutional rupture in the cartel caused directly by the war. UAE Energy Minister cited the closed Strait of Hormuz and persistent Iranian missile-drone barrages as drivers — publicly identifying the OPEC member responsible for the GCC's economic damage and announcing an institutional separation that absorbs the incompatibility. Brent through $111 (first $111 print since March) and WTI through $100 (seventh consecutive session of gains, first $100 close since April 10) is the market's structural repricing: not a transient news-cycle move on the Rubio rejection but a permanent-supply-removal signal the cartel can no longer suppress through coordinated quota management. The UAE has the second-largest spare production capacity in OPEC after Saudi Arabia; its exit removes a swing-capacity coordination mechanism the cartel cannot substitute. The 20% global energy flow figure now sits inside an institution that has lost its largest secondary spare-capacity coordinator while its largest member (Iran) attacks export infrastructure of its second-largest (UAE). For Citi's $150-by-end-June scenario, the UAE exit is structural confirmation: end-June pricing now operates inside a cartel that has publicly declined coordinated production response to the closure. Analytical judgment: the GCC summit's 'permanent, long-term arrangement' demand is partly the Arab-state response to this damage — six Gulf governments understand that without strait reopening on terms excluding Iranian command-and-control, the OPEC break is the first of multiple coordination failures. The Bessent waiver-termination shutter-clock now resolves inside this break rather than inside a unified cartel response.

Implication 03

Taiwan / CPC procurement architecture: the UAE OPEC exit is the structural risk Citi $150 path always priced

For Taiwan and CPC, the UAE OPEC exit is structural confirmation of the medium-run procurement architecture instability the Day 56 Vienna trilateral and Day 60 Russia-overt-activation flagged. The cartel's swing-capacity coordination mechanism has lost its second-largest contributor; Saudi Arabia now operates as a unilateral spare-capacity provider rather than coordinator of a cartel response. Brent through $111 with end-June Citi $150 path is the spot/forward signal; Asian LNG spot is structurally repriced above the post-Vienna trilateral baseline because the cartel coordination that historically dampened Asian buyer exposure to Hormuz disruption is no longer available. MOEA's no-Hormuz-through-October scenario remains central case; CPC coal-rotation through summer is unchanged. The asymmetric trilateral (Russia overt, China likely matching within 72 hours, Iran sanctioned-channel supply harder to remove) now operates inside a fractured cartel — short-run Asian LNG availability via Iranian sanctioned-channel barrels carries through, but the medium-run procurement architecture has lost the OPEC swing-capacity hedge. TSMC 2026 CapEx pricing pass-through now operates above $108 floor with Citi-flagged $150 risk; the back-month curve embeds OPEC structural damage in addition to Hormuz physical-infrastructure damage. Analytical judgment: for the four-clock Taiwan frame — LNG procurement, cargo timing, energy security pass-through, PX-5 contingency — the UAE exit makes 'the war ends' and 'the cartel resumes coordinated supply' non-equivalent for the first time. Even a Day 65 ceasefire would not restore OPEC swing-capacity coordination, because UAE has announced its May 1 institutional exit. CPC procurement must plan for permanent OPEC fragmentation as the operating floor regardless of the war's diplomatic outcome.

§04Casualties snapshotCumulative · ±24–48h Δ
United States
KIA15WIA395
Israel
KIA39WIA6,006
Iran & Proxies
KIA3,400WIA0
Other
KIA2,450WIA0
§05Casualties detailsPer-actor notes
Total KIA (all actors)
5,904
Total WIA (all actors)
6,401
KIA Δ vs. prior brief
+0
0.0% · ~24h
United StatesKIA 15 · WIA 395
No new KIA. Blockade enters Day 17; CENTCOM 38-ships-prevented stat unchanged. USS Frank E. Peterson and USS Michael Murphy de-mining ops enter Day 5 under Adm. Cooper. Underwater drones augmenting clearance per CENTCOM. Hudson timeline: 1 week passageway, 4 weeks full clearance. CSG Lincoln Gulf of Oman; CSG Ford northern Red Sea; CSG Bush transiting toward Arabian Sea. Trump Truth Social 'state of collapse' post unconfirmed by Tehran. UAE OPEC exit effective May 1.
IsraelKIA 39 · WIA 6,006
No new IDF KIA reported. IDF 20+ strikes on Hezbollah infrastructure Tuesday including first Bekaa Valley strikes since the April 16 ceasefire. Netanyahu to senior command: Hezbollah retains 'about 10%' of pre-war missiles, 'we still have two missions left'; striking in security zone, north of security zone, and north of the Litani. Aoun-Qassem rupture from Day 60 carries; Qassem written statement: 'humiliating and unnecessary concession.' Western Galilee drone-siren incident unresolved.
Iran & ProxiesKIA 3,400 · WIA 0
No new Iranian military losses reported in Tuesday window. Pezeshkian: US pressure 'undermines trust.' Araghchi via Putin readout: Tehran 'considering' US request for fresh negotiations. Pakistan mediators expect revised proposal in next few days. Trump Truth Social claim Iran 'in state of collapse' unconfirmed. Putin-Araghchi 'strategic partnership at the highest level' carries from Day 60. UK House of Commons: Iran lost track of its own mines.
OtherKIA 2,450 · WIA 0
GCC summit Jeddah Tuesday: first in-person Gulf leaders meeting since war began; Saudi MBS hosting; communiqué demanding strait reopen via 'permanent, long-term arrangement.' UAE announces OPEC and OPEC+ exit effective May 1 — first six-decade institutional exit in cartel history. Lebanon cumulative tempo continuing (Wikipedia tracker reports 2,509+ pending Lebanese MOH confirmation). Pakistan + Egypt + Turkey + Qatar four-mediator hub remains open. UN Guterres food-emergency framing puts UN principal channel publicly on same operating page as four-mediator hub. China MOFA Lin Jian: UN GA President Baerbock April 29-30 visit to China at Wang Yi's invitation.
Note — figures are cumulative open-source estimates. Revisions logged via casualty_revision:true in brief frontmatter.
§07Sources25 citations
  1. [01]Axios — Trump claims Iran told U.S. it wants Strait of Hormuz open ASAP
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.axios.com/2026/04/28/trump-iran-hormuz-collapse-claim
  2. [02]The Hill — Donald Trump says Iran in 'state of collapse,' wants Strait of Hormuz open
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5852711-trump-iran-collapsing-strait-of-hormuz/
  3. [03]TIME — Trump Says Iran Has Told Him It's In a 'State of Collapse' Amid Peace Talks Stalemate
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://time.com/article/2026/04/28/trump-iran-war-update-peace-proposal-strait-of-hormuz-conflict/
  4. [04]NBC News — United Arab Emirates quits OPEC as Iran war raises Gulf tensions
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/energy/uae-quits-opec-oil-iran-talks-rcna342465
  5. [05]Washington Post — UAE to leave OPEC amid Hormuz oil crisis, a blow to Saudi Arabia
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2026/04/28/uae-opec-iran-hormuz-trump-saudi/
  6. [06]Al Jazeera — UAE leaves OPEC in blow to oil cartel during war on Iran
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/28/uae-leaves-opec-and-opec
  7. [07]CNBC — UAE's shock OPEC exit: What it means for the oil cartel's future and for crude prices
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/28/oil-uae-opec-saudi-arabia.html
  8. [08]CNBC — Brent oil prices top $111 per barrel as traders weigh Iran's Strait of Hormuz proposal
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2026/04/28/oil-prices-us-iran-hormuz-negotiations-wti-brent-crude.html
  9. [09]Fortune — Current price of oil as of April 28, 2026
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://fortune.com/article/price-of-oil-04-28-2026/
  10. [10]Al Jazeera — Gulf leaders meet in Saudi Arabia for first time since start of war on Iran
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/28/gulf-leaders-meet-in-saudi-arabia-for-first-time-since-start-of-war-on-iran
  11. [11]The National — GCC summit in Jeddah discusses regional and Iran war response
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/gulf/2026/04/28/gulf-co-operation-council-holds-summit-in-saudi-arabias-jeddah/
  12. [12]Gulf News — GCC Leaders Meet in Jeddah to Forge Response to Iran War, Missile Attacks and Gulf Security Threats
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/gcc-leaders-meet-in-jeddah-to-discuss-iran-war-and-regional-security-1.500522013
  13. [13]Al Jazeera — What's in Iran's latest proposal — and how has the US responded?
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/28/whats-in-irans-latest-proposal-and-how-has-the-us-responded
  14. [14]BusinessWorld — US reviews latest Iranian proposal to end war stalemate
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.bworldonline.com/world/2026/04/28/745956/us-reviews-latest-iranian-proposal-to-end-war-stalemate/
  15. [15]NPR — Deadlock over Iran's nuclear program and the Strait of Hormuz cripples peace efforts
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.npr.org/2026/04/28/nx-s1-5802283/iran-middle-east-updates
  16. [16]UN News — Despite ceasefire, Hormuz tensions continue to throttle supply chains worldwide
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/04/1167365
  17. [17]Middle East Monitor — UN chief urges immediate reopening of Strait of Hormuz amid global trade crisis
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20260427-un-chief-urges-immediate-reopening-of-strait-of-hormuz-amid-global-trade-crisis/
  18. [18]Democracy Now! — UN Warns of Global Food Emergency as Strait of Hormuz Remains Closed
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.democracynow.org/2026/4/28/headlines/un_warns_of_global_food_emergency_as_strait_of_hormuz_remains_closed
  19. [19]Haaretz — IDF Says It Carried Out Over 20 Attacks in Lebanon, Targeting Hezbollah
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-security/2026-04-27/ty-article-live/report-14-killed-37-wounded-in-idf-strikes-on-southern-lebanon/0000019d-cb7a-d505-afbd-ff7e9c740004
  20. [20]Al Arabiya — Israeli strikes hit east Lebanon, expanding scope despite ceasefire
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2026/04/27/israeli-military-says-striking-hezbollah-in-bekaa-valley
  21. [21]Pakistan Today — Israel expands strikes to Lebanon's Bekaa Valley
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2026/04/28/israel-strikes-bekaa-valley-in-violation-of-ceasefire
  22. [22]Xinhua — Iran-U.S. diplomatic impasse continues despite Tehran's new proposal to end war
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://english.news.cn/20260428/87e047009bd1448195be32770e99281b/c.html
  23. [23]China MOFA — Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lin Jian's Regular Press Conference on April 28, 2026
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://sl.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/fyrth/202604/t20260428_11901915.htm
  24. [24]Al Jazeera — Iran war live: Iranian army still in war situation; Gulf leaders meet
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2026/4/28/iran-war-live-trump-reviews-peace-plan-un-calls-for-hormuz-to-reopen
  25. [25]HRANA — Documented civilian harm in Iran (April 7 update; 1,701 civilians killed)
    ↳ https://web.archive.org/web/2026/https://www.en-hrana.org/statements/with-the-participation-of-hra-a-question-from-a-united-states-congress-representative-to-the-department-of-defense/